The VAT on £40 at the standard 20% rate is £8.00, making a gross total of £48.00.
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If £40 is the net price (excluding VAT), adding 20% VAT gives:
| Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Net | £40.00 |
| VAT (20%) | £8.00 |
| Gross | £48.00 |
If £40 is the gross price (including 20% VAT), removing the VAT gives a net of £33.33 and VAT of £6.67 (the VAT is one sixth of the gross).
At the reduced 5% rate, adding VAT to £40 net gives £2.00 VAT and a gross of £42.00.
Adding 20% VAT to £40 gives £8.00 of VAT and a gross total of £48.00.
£40 plus 20% VAT is £48.00.